今日上午,首个人形机器人半程马拉松在北京亦庄鸣枪开跑。把机器人这个词拆解一下,有“机器”,也有“人”。机器人跑步和人比起来,有什么不同?为什么机器人奔驰这么难,咱们人跑起来却这么简略呢?
机器人跑步为什么这么难?
咱们是怎么奔驰的?其实奔驰并不是咱们与生俱来的身手,那么它是怎么产生的呢?在人和机器人之间,是否存在着某种相似性。北京体育大学运动人体科学学院的教师给出了答案。
北京体育大学运动生物力学教研室主任 李翰君:假如是慢跑,咱们主要用踝关节去驱动。小腿后群,踝关节的后边稍微发一点力,咱们的重心就靠前了,然后咱们慢慢地就跑起来了,这是很天然的进程。
记者:咱们没有用到大脑吗?
李翰君:最开端用了一下,后边其实都是天然而然完结的。在这个进程中,我的髋关节摇摆其实并不是许多,膝关节稍微有一点,膝关节起到稍微缓冲的效果。
李翰君:或许机器人平衡操控稍微有一些问题,所以对它们来说,每一步它的踝或脚都是平着落地的,这样它是比较稳定的。终究它的驱动主要是靠相当于人的髋关节。机器人跑步一向屈膝,我以为是为了缓震。
机器人的奔驰并不像咱们人类这般,能够选用顺其天然又省力的奔驰姿势。它们要靠髋关节带动没有什么感知才能的腿和脚去奔驰,每一次落地,膝盖和脚都要饱尝住全身带来的压力缓冲。这些方位也是天工测验中最简单出问题的当地,一次次问题,都需求关节结构设计、资料等同步提高。机器人这个钢铁之躯,全要靠一个个零件和螺丝组合在一起,每一次战胜地心引力的测验,都是对本体的应战。而更大的应战是机器人的反响速度还要做到足够快。
李翰君:关于咱们人体的调整来说,会有不同的等级。比方很微观的等级,我需求特别快反响,当你的重心靠前了,你会发现你的脚趾有点扒地的感觉,这便是天然而然的。这个反射速度会很快,只要几十毫秒。而假如你是用眼睛去做判别,这便是有意识的,应该是200毫秒以上,但有的时分200毫秒以上,你就摔倒了。假如机器人的处理速度不够快,它就也没有方法保持平衡。
总台记者 张春玲:机器人没有“天性”,只要程序,没有“经历”,只要核算。为了不摔,它有必要实时核算未来几百毫秒内的重心、速度、姿势改变,并在毫米、毫秒的标准内,操控几十个关节协同动作。再比方,它没有肌肉和弹性的肌腱,关节是“硬邦邦的”,假如不想一落地就断,工程师们就得靠核算,经过和婉操控、抗阻调理、力矩规划,让金属关节学会“软着陆”。这些都要依托强壮的实时算力,算慢了,摔;算错了,也摔。
机器人学会跑步的武林算法秘籍大约分几步?
第一步,先用仿照学习,学习人类的动作。一般是用动捕设备,照葫芦画瓢。
第二步,学习强化。在虚拟渠道,机器人把学来的理论,付诸实践,靠着大力出奇观的学习态度,成百上千次的测验,学会了自主奔驰。
第三步,在实际国际走两步。
就这样,不断优化、不断重复在虚拟和实际中跳动,直到有一天,机器人总算把握了人类的跑步大法。
机器人跑半马
三个月破解多重难题
和人类比起来,机器人要想更低能耗、更稳定地跑步,的确还需求破解更多的难题。不过本次马拉松,咱们看到在短短的三个月内,机器人从短跑,到21公里的长距离跑,前进的速度直线上升。在这个进程中,机器人的散热、零部件的稳定性、整机的可靠性、算法的优化、电池的续航等等一系列从前卡顿的难题,都被逐个破解。 21公里的长距离跑,处理的是技能问题、是工程问题、更是机器人从实验室走向可用、可规模化运用的工业问题。
让机器人参与马拉松竞赛有何含义?
一个个技能团队的创新和研制,一个个人类工程师的陪跑,才有了今日的机器人半程马拉松。让机器人参与马拉松竞赛的含义在哪?在当时国际背景下,对我国机器人工业以及职业开展,又会有哪些助力?国家开展变革委宏观经济研究院经济所副所长吴萨作出了剖析↓↓↓
吴萨:这次“半马”不仅是一场竞赛,更是一个测验验证的渠道。不管从技能层面、工业层面,仍是扩展社会影响力等方面,都具有重要含义。经过这样的竞赛,能够全面查验和提高机器人在运动操控、环境感知等方面的核心技能才能。这也充沛展现了我国人形机器人的技能实力,国产机器人制作企业提高了品牌知名度,拓宽国内外市场,削减对国外产品的依靠。一起也要看到,人形机器人的开展仍是进行时,这种实在场景的测验功率是试验室环境的5—7倍,经过参与竞赛,也暴露出许多机器人关节过热等问题。这也将直接推进相关研制团队做好优化改善,为国内人工智能和软件开发企业供给更多开展空间。
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“她本年才19岁,彻底可以持续向着下一个方针尽力。”
在采访中,刘朝辉表明,她信任陈芋汐还会树立新的方针,“去完结她的愿望,我也等待她鄙人一届奥运会上圆梦。”
据刘朝辉回想,陈芋汐从3岁开端练体操,展露出极强的运动天分,特别喜爱学习新动作。“但是她从小体质比较差,练体操需要比他人支付更多尽力。
后来,跳水教练看中了她,“咱们开端一点点测验,其实她有一段时间是既练体操又练跳水的,最终才过渡到跳水。”
关于这一改变,刘朝辉坦言,一开端是十分不舍的。
“作为底层教练,我肯定是不愿意放乐乐走的,因为她从小就现已展露出很优异的运动潜能。”
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总台央视记者:中方发布了中俄将一起举行“长江—伏尔加河”当地协作理事会会议的音讯,能否进一步介绍中方对此次活动有何等待? CCTV: To follow up on your announcement of the meeting of the Yangtze-Volga cooperation council between China and Russia, can you share China’s expectation for the event?
汪文斌:在习近平主席和普京总统战略引领下,中俄联系坚持高水平运转,包含当地协作在内的各范畴协作稳步推动。“长江—伏尔加河”当地协作理事会是中俄两国间重要的当地协作机制之一,此前已分别在中、俄两国成功举行过三次会议,为统筹推动两区域间经贸、人文等范畴协作发挥了活跃效果。 Wang Wenbin: Under the strategic guidance of President Xi Jinping and President Putin, China-Russia relations have been growing at a high level with steady progress of cooperation in various sectors, including at sub-national level. The meeting of the Yangtze-Volga cooperation council is one of the important sub-national cooperation mechanisms between China and Russia. The council has held three successful meetings in China and Russia, which played a positive role in coordinating and advancing cooperation in trade, culture and people-to-people exchange between the two regions.
张国清副总理赴江西省南昌市同卡马罗夫全权代表一起举行“长江—伏尔加河”当地协作理事会第四次会议,将要点推动执行两国领导人达到的一致,整理两区域协作开展,辅导两区域协作进一步走深走实,推动中俄新时代全面战略协作伙伴联系开展。 The fourth meeting of the council, to be held by Vice Premier Zhang Guoqing and Presidential Plenipotentiary Envoy Igor Komarov in Nanchang, will focus on delivering on the common understandings between the leaders of the two countries, review the progress made in cooperation between the two regions, provide guidance for deeper and more substantive cooperation, and contribute to the growth of the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for a new era.
土耳其阿纳多卢通讯社记者:上星期末以色列戎行突击了希法医院邻近的救护车车队、马加齐和沙蒂收容所、联合国开办的法库拉校园以及其他加沙地带民用设备,导致包含儿童在内的很多布衣伤亡。突击收容所、校园、医院显着违背《关于战时保护布衣之日内瓦公约》。本月,我国接任联合国安理会轮值主席国。中方对加沙地带产生的违背国际法和国际人道法的行为持何态度?将怎么阻止这些或许构成战役罪的行为? Anadolu Agency: Over the past weekend Israeli forces had targeted a convoy of ambulances near Al-Shifa Hospital and hit Al-Maghazi and Al-Shati refugee camps and a UN-run school, Al-Fakhoura school, among other civilian facilities in Gaza Strip. Attacks have resulted in heavy casualties including children. Targeting refugee camps, schools, hospitals clearly violates Geneva Convention on the protection of civilian persons in time of war. China has taken over the presidency of Security Council in the UN this month. What’s China’s position on these violations of international law and international humanitarian law in Gaza? And what would you offer to stop these actions that could amount to war crimes?
汪文斌:本轮巴以抵触已形成超越11000人逝世,其间绝大多数是布衣,特别是一段时间以来,巴勒斯坦方面布衣死伤人数急剧上升,加沙地带呈现灾祸性的人道主义形势。这是对人类良知的拷问,是对国际联系根本准则的蹂躏。国际社会不该答应这样的惨剧继续下去。中方斥责和对立损伤布衣、危害民用设备、违背国际人道法的行为,敦促有关各方坚持最大极限镇定抑制,当即停火止战,全力保证布衣和医院等遭到《日内瓦公约》特别保护的民用设备安全,拓荒人道救援通道,防止更大的人道主义灾祸。 Wang Wenbin: The current Palestinian-Israeli conflict has resulted in over 11,000 deaths, mostly civilians. The past few days in particular have seen Palestinian civilian casualties rocketing and catastrophic humanitarian situation engulfing Gaza. This tragedy is a challenge to human conscience and affront to the basic norms of international relations. The international community must not allow it to continue. China condemns and opposes acts that harm civilians and damage civilian facilities and violate the international humanitarian law. We urge relevant parties to exercise maximum calm and restraint, immediately stop fighting, do everything possible to ensure the safety and security of civilians and hospitals as well as other civilian facilities under the special protection of the Geneva Convention, open up humanitarian aid corridors, and prevent the humanitarian disaster from getting even worse.
日前联大紧迫特别会议以压倒性多数经过抉择,呼吁当即完成人道休战,要求各方当即全面实行其依据国际法承当的职责,按照国际人道法尊重和保护一切布衣和民用物体以及人道主义人员和设备,重申“两国方案”。这反映了国际社会的激烈呼声和人心向背。作为安理会轮值主席国,中方将为康复巴勒斯坦的平和尽最大努力,推动安理会实行职责,发挥效果,凝集一致,赶快采纳负职责、有意义的举动缓解当时危机、保护布衣安全。咱们也愿继续同国际社会一道,为调停抵触、平缓严重、推动巴勒斯坦问题重回“两国方案”轨迹作出不懈努力。 A week ago, the UN General Assembly held an emergency special session and adopted a resolution with overwhelming majority. The resolution calls for an immediate humanitarian truce, demands that all parties immediately and fully comply with their obligations under international law and respect and protect all civilians and civilian objects as well as humanitarian personnel and facilities in accordance with the international humanitarian law, and reaffirms the two-state solution. This resolution reflects the strong call of the international community and where it stands on the issue. As the current UN Security Council president, China will do its utmost for restoring peace in Palestine, and get the Security Council to fulfill its responsibility, play its role, build up consensus and take prompt, responsible and meaningful action to ease the current crisis and keep civilians safe. We will continue working with the rest of the international community and make relentless effort to mediate the conflict, ease tensions and bring the Palestinian question back to the track of the two-state solution.
塔斯社记者:今日中美在华盛顿举行军控商量,请介绍一下我国的根本态度和此次商洽的首要方针。 TASS: China and the US are meeting for arms control talks in Washington today. Could you tell us about China’s basic position and the main goals of the talks this time?
汪文斌:上星期咱们现已介绍过,中方同国际首要国家就军控与防扩散问题坚持着亲近沟通,中美近来将在华盛顿举行司级军控和防扩散商量,两边迁就国际军控公约履约、防扩散等广泛议题进行对话沟通。关于商量有关状况,中方会当令发布音讯,请咱们坚持重视。 Wang Wenbin: As we said last week, China stays in close contact with the world’s major countries on arms control and non-proliferation. China and the US will be holding consultations on arms control and non-proliferation at the director-general’s level in Washington D.C. soon. The two sides will exchange views on a wide range of issues such as the implementation of international arms control treaties and non-proliferation. As for more information about the consultations, we will release it in due course. Please check back for updates.
汹涌新闻记者:咱们注意到,第五届中美友城大会日前成功举行。发言人能否进一步介绍状况,对此有何谈论? The Paper: The fifth China-US Sister Cities Conference was successfully held last week. Can you further elaborate on the event and what’s your comment?
汪文斌:11月3日,第五届中美友城大会在江苏姑苏举行。习近平主席向大会致信指出,中美联系根底在民间,力气源泉在公民友爱。友爱省州和友爱城市是深化中美公民友谊、完成互利共赢的重要载体。40多年来,两国友爱省州和友爱城市亲近协作,获得丰硕效果,为两国公民带来了实实在在的利益。期望与会各方继续做中美当地沟通的桥梁,助力两国省州、城市跨过众多的太平洋,一起为推动中美联系健康稳定开展、增进两国公民福祉发挥更大效果。 Wang Wenbin: The fifth China-US Sister Cities Conference was held in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province on November 3. President Xi Jinping sent a message to the Conference, saying that the foundation of China-US relations lies in the people and the source of strength lies in the friendship between the people. Sister provinces/states and sister cities are important platforms for deepening friendship and cooperation that benefits both sides. Over the past four decades and more, sister provinces/states and sister cities in the two countries have engaged in close and fruitful cooperation and benefited both peoples in concrete ways. President Xi called on participants of the conference to continue to serve as a bridge for sub-national exchanges and enable provinces/states and cities to reach out to each other over the vast Pacific and together play a greater role in facilitating sound and steady growth of bilateral relations and enhancing the well-being of both peoples.
友城协作随同中美建交而诞生。1979年以来,两国已树立284对友爱省州和友爱城市联系,为中美联系开展供给了有力支撑。本届大会是新冠疫情以来两国当地和民间沟通范畴的一件大事,来自我国10余个省市的代表和美国22个州近20位郡市长等共约200人到会大会及配套活动。在“共建绿色城市 同享民生福祉”主题下,两国嘉宾深入探讨、同享经历、对接协作,获得活跃效果,充沛展示出中美当地和民间沟通的热络与生机,也反映出两国友爱协作是深得人心,民意地点。 Sister city cooperation started when China and the US established diplomatic ties. Since 1979, our two countries have set up 284 pairs of sister provinces/states and cities, providing strong support for growing China-US relations. This Conference is a major event in China-US sub-national and people-to-people exchanges since COVID-19. The Conference and sideline events attracted about 200 participants, including representatives from over 10 Chinese provinces and cities and nearly 20 county supervisors and city mayors from 22 US states. Under the theme of “Build Green Cities for the People”, participants had in-depth exchanges of views, shared experience, explored opportunities for cooperation and achieved good results. The conference reflects the keen interest and strong dynamism in sub-national and people-to-people exchanges. It also shows that friendly cooperation is wanted by people from both countries.
中方将继续支撑和鼓舞当地和民间往来。咱们也期望美方同中方相向而行,为两国当地和民间往来协作发明有利条件,营建良好氛围。 China will continue to support and encourage sub-national and people-to-people exchanges. We also hope that the US will work with us to create favorable conditions and the atmosphere for sub-national and people-to-people exchanges and cooperation.
2023年11月6日外交部发言人汪文斌掌管例行记者会Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Wang Wenbin’sRegular Press Conference on Nov...